There are a few things I can think of that might answer your question:
Firstly, 2D layers won’t show in orthographic views (top, front, left, etc.), but they do show in camera views (although, of course, they do not react to the 3D scene).
Secondly, if you are catching an image layer at its edge, you won’t be able to see it. That’s because the layer has no depth, and it’s not pointed at the orthographic camera.
Lastly, if the image sits far away in the scene, it may be out of range of an orthographic view. You can’t orbit an orthographic view, but you can pan and dolly it to reposition the “active window” that the comp provides. (If you’re using the Advanced 3D renderer, you can turn on Draft 3D mode, and then enable the “Extended Viewer”, which will render the scene in the viewport, unrestricted by the boundaries that the comp settings provide.)