By default, when you nest one comp in another, Ae can resample time smoothly. It is not only limited to the frames you see stepping through that nested comp one frame at a time at its native frame rate.
However, you can override this and make comps behave exactly like rendered footage does. In a comp’s Composition Settings > Advanced window, you can check the box to “Preserve frame rate when nested.” With this box checked, Ae will only sample time from the comp on rendered frames.