This same issue happened to me while using Premiere Pro CS6.
I was using my MacBook Pro with an external monitor. For more workspace, I decided to move Premiere to the larger second monitor and use the laptop screen for playback.
Once I set playback to Adobe Monitor 1, I was unable to access the menu bar to uncheck the setting.
The first thing I did was hit Command-Tab to switch applications. Now, I had access to my MBP desktop. Next, I went to:
Apple > System Preferences > Displays > Arrangement
I then relocated the menu bar from the primary to my secondary display. When I switched back over to Premiere, I now had access to its preferences.
I unchecked playback, then went back to System Preferences and returned the menu bar to the primary display.
Later, I learned a faster option.
While in Premiere, press F11 to hide all open windows aka show desktop. Now you will have access to the menu bar hidden behind the playback screen. Depending on your keyboard preferences, you may need to press Fn-F11.
If you were using your MacBook Pro as I was, another option would be to use this multi-touch gesture on your trackpad:
Spread your thumb and three fingers apart to view your desktop.
Reference Links:
https://support.apple.com/kb/ht1343
https://www.apple.com/osx/what-is/gestures.html#gallery-gestures-desktop
Note: I also tried Nick’s suggestions, but none seemed to work for me.
Using keyboard shortcuts, I cycled through my workspace options but never gained access to the menu bar.
I also explored the dropdown menu at the top right of the preview panel, but playback settings was grayed out.
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MIKE QUINN, JR.
Film and Video Editor
https://www.mikequinnjr.com