I believe you want to find out what the character at a given index in the text is.
Here’s a way to extract a character at a given position in a string, if you have a layer named “control” with a slider control named “index of” and a text layer named text.
n = Math.round(thisComp.layer("control").effect("index of")("Slider"));
string=thisComp.layer("Text").text.sourceText;
string[n]
If you apply that to the source text of another text layer you get the character at the index given by the slider value.