I am not an expert here – just someone who (many years ago) had some of my video transferred to film.
There are several processes to transfer from video to film. One of the most widely-used was called kinescope and basically involved aiming a film camera at a “picture-tube” and then making some adjustments for differing aspect ratios and frame rates. Early network news programs sometimes used this to get “video” out to the rest of the world very quickly. It was then put on a local telecine and converted back to video for over-the-air broadcast.
Kinescopes were also used by early television series. I believe that the earliest “I Love Lucy” shows were one of the first to be kinescoped. Numerous techniques were introduced to minimize the effect of scanning lines, ghosting, and other artifacts. As color video came along, the kinescope process was incrementally improved to accommodate the color information.
There was some experimentation using an electron-beam to write directly onto movie film, but I’m not certain which systems, if any, even made it into production.
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) would have all sorts of technical details in their journals from the 1950s and 60s. I have not yet found a free archive for that publication, but you might try a large university library.
Jim