We get a lot of crappy mug-shots for newscasts from local police departments and viewers with cellphone photos of tornados. I also get the “just get our logo from the business card” crap. I wish there was a magic bullet.
If I have to use really low-res elements and make them somewhat presentable, I do a few things in photoshop that you can mix-and-match.
One thing I do is blow up the image in question 200% or better.
I will then attempt the “median” filter (under noise). that will sometimes mask some rough edges and smooth things out a bit.
I’ve sometimes tried adding noise before I do other “fixes”. Noise sometimes adds a bit of randomness that reduces banding when doing heavy processing.
If you convert the image to LAB color space, you get some new options to try. LAB color space is one luminance channel and two chroma channels. (Similar to Betacam or D1 component). I will then try adding a Gaussian Blur to just the two chroma channels and use the Median on the luminance. You might then try an Unsharp Mask to attempt to bring back some detail.
Salt to taste. 🙂