Thank you for your answer and I’m sorry for that late reply, for some uknown reason I haven’t been receiving notifications about answers in this topic.
The camera was Canon 60D, timeline source footage had .MOV format as such as it went directly from the camera. I’m not sure the in-camera codec used and the bitrate, so here is Mediainfo printscreen of that very footage:

Render As settings for AVC:

Render As settings for H.264:

“8-bit banding due to a low bitrate”
After you’ve mentioned that I realise that indeed might have been the problem. But I suppose this 8-bit has nothing to do with timeline source footage bitrate which is around 42-44 Mb/s, as those represent completely different characteristics of the video, right? If so how do I properly set the camera shooting settings and/or project settings to avoid 8-bit banding?
Thank you very much for your help.
P.S. By the way, question is still there – if the problem seem to be with timeline source footage why do I see perfect image in Vegas preview window anyway?