I will venture a guess as to what happened – is it possible that you were located on the 1st frame of the project, and inadvertently hit the “o” key (this sets the out point of all selected items to the current time) and accidentally trimmed a whole bunch of elements to be only 1 frame long? I suspect this may be what happened because you said that the elements were “greyed out”, which Motion uses to indicate that an object is still in the project but not active at the current frame, and also you mentioned that the one you did find in the timeline was only 1 frame long. If you have a really, really long project duration, the timebars for your text objects may be extremely thin when you are zoomed out in time (perhaps as thin as 1 pixel if it’s extremely long).
I would suggest that you re-open the project and drill open all the layers in the timeline, then select the greyed out ones on the left-side of the timeline list and press “shift-i” to go to the in point of those elements. The time marker should jump forward in time, then you can drag the timeline zoom slider (the slider at the lower part of the timeline list) to zoom in and see your object and check its duration.
If the objects are still there, and I suspect that they are if they still appear in the Layers tab, you can simply drag the out points to put them back again, or place the time marker to where they should end and hit “o”.
I hope that steers you in the right direction. Let us know what you find.
— Greg