Photoshop is Raster based – the image size is constant weather it has anything on it or not.
In doing the math it seems that you are using 300 pixels per cm not dpi (which is per inch).
You have created a grid of pixels that is 300 pixels per cm times the size of your document.
Each pixel is either three bytes (RGB) or four bytes (CMYK)
Each square cm is 300 pixels x 300 pixels or 90,000 pixels
90,000 pixels times three bytes is 270,000 bytes or a bit more than a quarter of a Megabyte per cm.
A0 is 118.9 cm x 84.1 cm or 10070.83 square cm.
10,000 sqcm times 263k per sqcm is 2.6 gig.