There is the “Make Preview” command which lets you choose from full render or hardware openGL in R21. In Maya this is referred to as a “playblast”.
In r21 the command is in the Animate menu. In earlier versions it may be located in the Render menu.
Hardware OpenGL is the quickest but will show just as it does in the viewport so you may want to turn off splines and other distractions and turn on Enhanced OpenGL features before making the preview render.
Another option is to duplicate your current render settings (bottom left of render settings dialog) and make that duplicate a child of the original and name it preview. Change the render engine on the child to hardware openGL and under the openGL category turn on/off the enhanced features to balance speed and readability. Once you find settings that you like then right-click on the setting name and choose “Save Preset…”