I’ve found a solution. It’s surprisingly obvious 🙂
1. Add a Gradient Map Adjustment Layer going from black to white.
2. Add a Curves layer, map all input values to an output of 0. All pixels will turn black.
3. Still in curves, use the pencil to draw a short horizontal line (by clicking then shift clicking, or by carefully dragging) along the top of the graph, sending only the desired range to white (255).
4. Use the result to create a mask, use that mask to restrict a Hue/Sat Adjustment Layer.
5. Repeat 2-4 for each Hue/Sat layer (do not re-add the gradient map or curves layers). The layers created in steps 1 and 2 can be deleted afterward.
The resulting hue/sat layers will, theoretically, allow for awesome color control (at least as far as basic color corrections), surpassing standard commands available in Photoshop or Camera Raw. A similar method can likely be applied to Lab mode for ultimate color control.
Thanks for your time guys, I hope someone finds this useful someday 🙂