Choosing Real-Time Playback Gamma Correction Options almost worked for me. Choosing “approximate” made the picture much better, but not quite back to where it should be. Using Holt Adams suggestion is what finally cleared up the problem for me.
When I went into the “Color” section of the Display system control panel, both my MacBook Pro screen and external monitor had the same color profile chosen that I had never seen before. And the really weird part was that when I chose another color profile on both displays, the strange color profile disappeared entirely; I couldn’t reactivate it. It was just gone. Unfortunately, I didn’t think to write down it’s name before it disappeared, so I can’t tell you what it was labeled.
Anyway, thank you Holt for solving my problem.