I have not used Premiere in about a year (it was time to bite the bullet and learn FCP) However I can tell you this, unless something has changed, and I doubt it has.
The short answer is you are not pasting the Attributes of the effects, the parameter settings, you are pasting the effect with the parameter settings you have adjusted.
Once you copy and paste an attribute to a new clip it is now an independent effect on that clip…there is no GLOBAL change. I do not believe that there is a way to use the ctrl/cmd button and click through clips and keep selecting effect. I could be wrong. You can however select several effects on a single clip in this fashion. I believe You must delete old effect or filter then copy and paste new effect filter again. If you are only using same filter set on all clips I THINK there is a way to select group of clips and remove all filters, I could be wrong. If not, or if you are only changing some effects of many, you will have to delete filters clip by clip.
If you are applying this one filter to EVERY clip on an entire sequence, you can nest the sequence in a new sequence, and apply the filter there, then it will be one filter applied to everything, and any changes will affect entire time-line. NOTE that this does not work with filters that change over time on a per clip basis, since now hte whole sequence is only one clip.
One really scary thing you can try that I have done successfully…in an OLDER version of Premiere the project file was just a text file. Make a COPY of that, open it, and use find/replace to change. For example FIND brightness=50 REPLACE brightness=80 and REPLACE ALL or tab through each. You can really mess up your project like this, so try ONLY on a COPY. Be careful how you save it. May not work anymore, this was at least 10 years ago on a really old version, and I am home, and I don’t have a machine to test on now.
In any event, Good Luck.
Rich Kaelin
Kaelin Motion Production Services
New York