If all you have is a MIC and a USB adapter, you’re out of luck.
You need a MIXER.
Plug the mic into the mixer, the mixer into the UBS adapter, monitor with headphones connected to the mixer.
There are some very versatile little mixers that work very well in edit bays that are also affordable.
Mackie (1202, 1402) are the go-to work-horses of the industry in this regard (and I use them daily in several suites).
https://www.musiciansfriend.com/srs7/g=live/search/detail/base_pid/634219/
https://www.musiciansfriend.com/srs7/g=live/search/detail/base_pid/634221/
There are also other mixers available that are about as low-cost as can be found (and they are very fine quality as well!)
The Behringer MXB1002 can mix 5 microphones (!) and/or 4 STEREO line sources, and, if you need it on-location, can operate on three 9v batteries (including phantom power for the mics). It costs… $100. (I own one and its amazing for the money).
https://www.musiciansfriend.com/srs7/g=home/search/detail/base_id/54496
And if you just need a couple of mics and a couple of stereo line sources (AC power only) there’s the Behringer UB802 for just $50 (I own 2 of these. Great value!)
https://www.musiciansfriend.com/srs7/g=live/search/detail/base_pid/631238/
So, for a few dollars spent, you can add lots of versatility to your audio arsenal.