One way to create the extruded circles would be to clone cylinders onto your sphere with MoGraph. Then you could scale them smaller towards the poles using a step effector.
If you don’t have mograph….
Since the sphere polygons get smaller and more rectangular at the poles, the circles in the following method actually become ovals towards the top:
* make your sphere editable;
* select all the polygons;
* run functions>disconnect with group unchecked;
* place your sphere in hypernurbs object;
* set the HN object to two subdivisions (editor and render);
* make the HN editable;
* select all polygons and extrude to your preferred depth.
For the lat/long lines, you can either place the sphere in the Atom Array object (set ball size to same width as pipe size), or you can do the following:
* make sphere editable;
* select all polys;
* run the extrude inner command, with groups unchecked;
* immediately after, the inner polygons should be selected — hit the delete key to delete them, leaving just the lat/long polys.