High quality printing starts at 300 dpi, so you can resize your file (without resampling) to 300 dpi, which will give you 10 inches for the width.
Now, since you’re in Photoshop, you have at least one trick up your sleeve: Detail-preserving Upscale. In general I use it when the scaling is 200% at the maximum, beyond that you will start to get into a painterly style, at least with photos. So that would give you a 20-inch wide image. Considering you’re working with an illustration, you may get away with an even larger enlargement.
An alternative way to enlarge, one which I prefer, is to use the LetsEnhance website. It gives you a 400% enlargement with AI-driven image enhancement. You can run, I believe, 5 test images through it for free. So that would give you a 40-inch image, if you’re happy with the outcome. You can shrink the image back down in Photoshop if you want something in-between.
Kalleheikki Kannisto
Senior Graphic Designer