As others have mentioned, you make life harder for yourself if you spend so much time renaming clips at the OS level. However, if you intend to continue in your path, this is how I would proceed if I were you.
I’m making the assumption that your concern is just being able to identify the clips at the OS level. If so, I would suggest you import all of your clips into Premiere so that you can preview them. Organize them into bins. Then create like named folders in the OS. Re-organize your clips into the folders as you have them in the bins and then use Premiere’s ability to re-link to re-link all your clips. Once it finds one clip it should automatically find the rest of them. Of course this isn’t renaming the clips, but it does provide some way of recognizing their contents at the OS level.
However, if you truly want to rename all the clips it will take a monumental effort in one form or another. Either you will have to rename and then individually re-link to the *new* files (so much room for error following this path), because Premiere won’t see the rest of them. Or, as you allude to, after renaming you will have to re-import and re-encode all of the files.
Don’t know if it’s helpful in this case, but you can use a program called “Bulk Rename Utility” to rename your files following specific parameters. Really fast if you’re renaming isn’t very clip specific (think “Interior Day – 1, Interior Day -2; rather than Interior day with the red filter).
FWIW, I have had better luck playing very high resolution footage without proxies in Resolve than in Premiere so you could give that a shot.
Good luck!