So you are looking to duplicate circles where the new one duplicated becomes much larger than the last one right? You may need a script in order to actually duplicate the layers, you can transform these properties. Here is a link that may give you an idea on what you are looking for: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75666624/after-effects-duplicate-layer-expression
For a tutorial to resize the lines of shapes for example, including circles, I found a tutorial that shows an example on how he duplicated the circles in after effects and I imagine in each shape layers, you can modify the scales for each of them to make it bigger than the last: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlPUM2Dvq7E Hope it helps! 🙂
stackoverflow.com
After Effects Duplicate Layer Expression
Can you duplicate a layer with an expression. I have a picture that I want to duplicate many times, it's one dollar. I would have to repeat it over 100 times. I have two of these codes, they work. ...