You grow arrows the same way your grow lines. Except that you put a shape of an arrow head on the end of the line as it grows.
If your line is simply a stroke effect on a mask. Use the same mask to be the motion path for the arrowhead shape. Set it to auto orient to its motion path and then offset the rotation to make it point the right way.
This previous thread might help too. It’s the first thing found on a Google search for grow arrows AE. Asking a question on the COW is nice, but a Google search gets you a result much faster.
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