I would compare this to showing up at a hospital and the patient doesn’t show up for the operation I was supposed to film.
The client pays. Especially if you have out of pocket expenses, such as a plane ticket or a freelance crew. They may ask for a break, since you spent 1 hour instead of 12 – work that out on a case by case basis.
But if weather is a concern, discuss this ahead of time and come to a written agreement with the client.
You tend to only eat the cost of something if it was mostly your fault.
And if you can be blamed for the weather, then you must have signed this contract:
https://forums.creativecow.net/readpost/17/865818
Mike Cohen