I can sometimes be a bit long-winded in my responses, so bear with me. 🙂
There are a couple of ways to edit in Premiere. Some like to edit in the Editing Monitor by double clicking on a clip in the project bin.
I prefer to edit directly in the timeline.
It sounds like you’re looking for functionality in using the Editing Monitor?
1-Double-click on a clip in the project bin, so it opens in the Editing Monitor (as opposed to the Playback Monitor).
2-Scrub the Editing Monitor’s CTI to the desired position and…
i = Inpoint
o = Outpoint
* (on the Number Pad) = Set Unnumbered Marker
, = Insert
. = Overlay
3-Once you set your In/Out points in the Editing Monitor, you will set the CTI in the Sequence Timeline to the desired position and either Insert (,) or Overlay (.).
Pretty much all of the buttons in Premiere will display Tool Tips when you hover your mouse over them. Hover over all of the buttons at the bottom of the Editing Monitor and you will see all of the shortcuts I mentioned above.
I hope this comes close to answering your question.
Vince